tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-14932354424960014992024-03-19T07:26:41.617-04:00Animal Legal IssuesRichard Angelo, Jr.http://www.blogger.com/profile/15760430015982960243noreply@blogger.comBlogger11125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1493235442496001499.post-91087655955509609412011-02-03T22:12:00.011-05:002011-02-20T19:15:12.139-05:00What is a "Pit Bull"?Debates rage on over "pit bulls" in the newspapers, political forums and other venues across the county on a daily basis. Most of the debate is based upon some incident reported in the news regarding a dog described as a pit bull. As I deal more and more with "pit bulls" and speak to many people regarding the issues involved with these dogs, I realize that many people do not even realize that "pit bull" is not a breed.<br /><br /><br />Most often, the term "pit bull", as it is commonly used, encompasses three different breeds of dog: the American Pit Bull Terrier, the American Staffordshire Terrier and Staffordshire Bull Terriers. More accurately, the term "pit bull" describes a <em>type</em> of dog, not a breed. This is not a surprise or otherwise earth-shattering news to many people. However, it is news to many of the people charged with making laws, enforcing laws, and reporting incidents regarding these types of dogs. <br /><br />Some laws which have been written to ban certain breeds, have enlarged the meaning of the term "pit bull" to include other bully breeds, such as the American Bulldog. Essentially, some people have created their own definition of "pit bull" in order to fit their agenda.<br /><br /><br />One of the biggest objections I have to the misuse of the term, is that even rescues and shelters use it to describe adoptable animals in their care. I have been in many a shelter where they have on a dog's cage card or description "Pit Bull" for breed.<br /><br /><br />I would look to those reading this post to comment regarding their experience in the use of this term and in the different ways they have seen it used. I certainly do not claim to be an expert, but if we are going to be using the term in government, media, and the like, let's at least know how to use the term properly.Richard Angelo, Jr.http://www.blogger.com/profile/15760430015982960243noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1493235442496001499.post-15892843479196982322011-02-03T21:45:00.006-05:002011-02-03T22:08:54.185-05:00RevivalDecided today that it was time to revive this blog. It has been awhile and have been very busy dealing with many issues related to animals in the legal world.<br /><br />In doing some research recently for a case, I was reviewing numerous news articles throughout Michigan dealing with "pit bulls". While I usually take the articles for what they are worth, the comment section is usually where I learn the most about people's knowledge and feelings toward the breed. In most cases, I am utterly astounded by the ignorance of most people regarding these animals. Rarely, I am actually impressed with <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_0" class="blsp-spelling-error">someone's</span> knowledge and reasoning regarding issues that arise with the "breed".<br /><br />In doing some of the work that I do, I have been lucky enough to deal with many experts, locally and nationally, who have experience in dealing with "pit bulls". Over the next month or so, I will try use this space to educate and enlighten people as far as "pit bulls" are concerned. Since I am not an expert on these dogs, by any stretch of the imagination, I will utilize information and tools from people who regularly deal with the bully breeds in hoping to bring a better understanding of these animals. Starting first with a description of what is a "pit bull". I will give you your first hint...it is not a breed. I hope you all enjoy.Richard Angelo, Jr.http://www.blogger.com/profile/15760430015982960243noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1493235442496001499.post-29313350780075791022010-03-10T10:15:00.002-05:002010-03-10T10:25:08.665-05:00Federal Dog Fighting Case- UpdateFederal District Court Judge David Lawson sentenced one of the people involved in this case originating out of Huron County to 6 months in prison for his involvement in the case. The other 2 co-conspirators will be sentenced at a later date. From the court filings, it appears that the man will have 2 dogs actually returned to him as well.<br /><br />One of the big secrets in this case that has not been reported in the limited media coverage is what will be happening to the over 40 dogs seized. The below article reports that some of the dogs will be kept by the Kent County Humane Society.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.wzzm13.com/news/news_story.aspx?storyid=119306&catid=14">http://www.wzzm13.com/news/news_story.aspx?storyid=119306&catid=14</a><br /><br />Federal prosecutors have stated that Michigan State law requires the dogs to be killed if they were involved in a dog-fighting venture. Luckily for some of the dogs, it would appear that Judge Lawson disagreed with that interpretation.<br /><br />Updates regarding the remaining defendants will be posted when available.Richard Angelo, Jr.http://www.blogger.com/profile/15760430015982960243noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1493235442496001499.post-48584386986601175032010-03-03T11:00:00.002-05:002010-03-03T11:06:09.174-05:00Animal Law Section Annual Symposium<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhT5ttz5u9uz2qKQ-G1HeHEm7hMX_E2hDnser_1xdJE7S7T5vISKwWeJ3nrgq9KL8dflpAhNNnSvkwTbh8I9SbArmoJlb8dD0jkHzN2inpZiHU7343gfZwjciXYPZ8mF9QbNFYjjnAZiU8K/s1600-h/20100303_Symposium_Brochure.jpg"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 247px; FLOAT: left; HEIGHT: 320px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5444439469518733330" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhT5ttz5u9uz2qKQ-G1HeHEm7hMX_E2hDnser_1xdJE7S7T5vISKwWeJ3nrgq9KL8dflpAhNNnSvkwTbh8I9SbArmoJlb8dD0jkHzN2inpZiHU7343gfZwjciXYPZ8mF9QbNFYjjnAZiU8K/s320/20100303_Symposium_Brochure.jpg" /></a><br /><div>Just a reminder that the Animal Law Section of the State Bar of Michigan will be holding its annual Symposium this Friday, March 5, 2010 from Noon until 5 pm at the MSU College of Law in Lansing. </div><br /><div></div><br /><div>Public is welcome. Topics will include the section's Animal Legal Lifeline, veterinary malpractice issues, and other matters related to litigating animal law disputes. Top animal law attorneys in Michigan will be on hand as well as some national speakers on the topics. We hope to see you there. It will be an informative and entertaining event for all.</div><br /><div></div><br /><div></div>Richard Angelo, Jr.http://www.blogger.com/profile/15760430015982960243noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1493235442496001499.post-75105244859092262852010-02-02T18:38:00.001-05:002010-02-02T18:38:59.441-05:00Montcalm County Animal Shelter- The Saga ContinuesThis shelter, located in Stanton, Michigan, has been a train wreck for years. It has been cited numerous times by the Department of Agriculture for violations in the past and has long been the focus of great controversy. Many of the violations have not been corrected by the shelter. Further, an independent evaluation of the shelter in 2009 revealed numerous areas of concern, including: failure to properly account for animals coming in to the shelter (there were allegedly 37 unaccounted for animals in one month alone), cleaning kennels with a bleach solution without removing the animals from the kennel, and other easily remedied issues. To date, many of the issues raised in the evaluation have not been corrected.<br /><br />Last year, the County ended its long-standing contract with a USDA Class B dealer, which allowed the dealer to take animals from the shelter for sale into medical research in exchange for his company disposing of carcasses of animals killed at the shelter. Since the termination of the contract, the County Commissioners and their various sub-committees have done very little to decide the future direction of the shelter, let alone set a course which would allow this shelter to succeed in the future. This is the most polite way I could think to describe the county's actions, or lack thereof, since the termination of the Class B Dealer contract. Unfortunately, the the ones suffering at the hands of the County's lack of action are the animals and the people who care about them.<br /><br />The simple issue of installing a ventilation system in the shelter to allow the shelter to comply with Michigan law, recently led to a disagreement between board of commissioner members. <em><strong>Again, this system would allow the shelter to provide the proper ventilation in the building according to Michigan law</strong></em>. Here is a link to a recent article in the <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_0" class="blsp-spelling-error">Greenville</span> Daily News regarding the issues still facing the shelter today. <a href="http://www.thedailynews.cc/main.asp?Search=1&ArticleID=32423&SectionID=2&SubSectionID=11&S=1">http://www.thedailynews.cc/main.asp?Search=1&<span id="SPELLING_ERROR_1" class="blsp-spelling-error">ArticleID</span>=32423&<span id="SPELLING_ERROR_2" class="blsp-spelling-error">SectionID</span>=2&<span id="SPELLING_ERROR_3" class="blsp-spelling-error">SubSectionID</span>=11&S=1</a><br /><br />I have personally met a number of truly committed, wonderful people trying to make this shelter a place for which the county no longer has to be ashamed. Unfortunately, their efforts have constantly met opposition from various county officials for reasons that often defy logic.<br /><br />Visit <a href="http://www.cccmontcalm.org/">http://www.cccmontcalm.org/</a> for some of the background information on the issues facing the animal shelter. The group is also on <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_4" class="blsp-spelling-error">Facebook</span> (<a href="http://www.facebook.com/index.php?lh=e90b61d954bb3e88da140a6a90496b8a&#/pages/CCCMontcalm/282168059816">http://www.facebook.com/index.php?lh=e90b61d954bb3e88da140a6a90496b8a&#/pages/<span id="SPELLING_ERROR_5" class="blsp-spelling-error">CCCMontcalm</span>/282168059816</a>), and some really good information regarding the latest issues facing the shelter is available there.<br /><br />A joint meeting of the Animal Advisory Board and the Law and Courts Committee of the county commissioners will be held February 10, 2010 at 2 pm for those that can attend. Issues regarding a ventilation system for the shelter, installation of a crematorium and other issues may be discussed. Citizens of Montcalm County and others with a vested interest in the shelter should surely attend.Richard Angelo, Jr.http://www.blogger.com/profile/15760430015982960243noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1493235442496001499.post-12255292037820725702010-01-18T10:47:00.002-05:002010-01-18T10:55:19.816-05:00State Bar Animal Law Section SymposiumThe State Bar of Michigan Animal Law Section's annual Animal Law Symposium will be taking place in the Michigan State University Law School building on <strong>March 5, 2010</strong>. Topics will be geared toward attorneys, but all are welcome to attend. Subject matter this year will be related to Litigating Animal Law Disputes.<br /><br />The symposium was well-attended last year and we hope to have as many people in attendance this year. This program is not just for attorneys. More detailed information will follow when available.Richard Angelo, Jr.http://www.blogger.com/profile/15760430015982960243noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1493235442496001499.post-85560910213854189182009-12-23T22:27:00.005-05:002009-12-23T22:51:15.551-05:00Happy Holidays!!!I just wanted to take a minute to say Happy Holidays and update the story regarding Cola, the pit bull mix, whose story was the first post in this blog.<br /><br />Almost one year after Cola was taken in by a wonderful organization called the Colorado Pit Bull Rescue, he was adopted by a great family and is doing very well. Here is a link to the most recent chapter in his story.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.allcitysolutions.com/mailcp/display.php?M=92295&C=b60404a062b0f8c6a738e50ed4e3892a&S=649&L=144&N=384"></a><a href="http://www.allcitysolutions.com/mailcp/display.php?M=92295&C=b60404a062b0f8c6a738e50ed4e3892a&S=649&L=144&N=384">http://www.allcitysolutions.com/mailcp/display.php?M=92295&C=b60404a062b0f8c6a738e50ed4e3892a&S=649&L=144&N=384</a><br /><br />Cola's story is a great one when you think about all of the people who gave their time and money to help save him. Much of the credit goes to the Colorado Pit Bull Rescue and the wonderful work they did in caring for Cola for the time he was with them. This is a really great organization whose work stands out even more given that they operate just outside of Denver, the city with the most infamous "pit-bull" ban in the country.<br /><br />If you ever find yourself looking for a place to make a donation of time, money, or both, please consider giving to this organization. They are wonderful people. Please check out their website and blog also.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.coloradopitbullrescue.com/">http://www.coloradopitbullrescue.com</a><br /><br /><a href="http://copitbullrescue.blogspot.com/"></a><a href="http://copitbullrescue.blogspot.com/">http://copitbullrescue.blogspot.com/</a><br /><br />Happy Holidays to all and thank you to everyone who helped in saving this one dog's life.Richard Angelo, Jr.http://www.blogger.com/profile/15760430015982960243noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1493235442496001499.post-60847563608678408912009-12-05T07:26:00.008-05:002010-01-18T10:57:54.031-05:00Detroit Federal Dog Fighting Case (Continued)Sentencing for 2 of the 3 defendants in the case is scheduled for December 8 in Detroit. Below is a link to a recent article from a local Detroit station regarding the sentencing.<br /><br />Looks like 2 guys might get 6 months and the other might get 13 months. We will see what the judge decides.<br /><br />Interesting how the article makes no mention of the location, condition or other current information regarding the dogs, isn't it? My understanding after speaking with a few people familiar with these arrests, was that the dogs would be evaluated by the Humane Society of the United States officials involved to determine if the dogs should be killed or not. Since the dogs were seized in June 2009 (6 months ago), very little has been said about their condition, whereabouts and possible disposition.<br /><br />While I hate the comparison to Michael Vick's case every time a dog fighting matter is mentioned, there were almost as many dogs seized in this case, and there has been no public mention of what is to become of these dogs. I am hoping that no news does not necessarily mean bad news in this case.<br /><br />Stay tuned to this situation. I will update after the sentencing December 8.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.clickondetroit.com/news/21865679/detail.html">http://www.clickondetroit.com/news/21865679/detail.html</a><br /><br /><br /><strong>FOR THOSE WAITING FOR THE UPDATE ON THIS CASE, THE SENTENCING HEARINGS HAVE BEEN ADJOURNED UNTIL FEBRUARY 17, 2010. WE WILL UPDATE SHORTLY THEREAFTER.</strong><br /><a href="http://www.clickondetroit.com/news/21865679/detail.html"></a>Richard Angelo, Jr.http://www.blogger.com/profile/15760430015982960243noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1493235442496001499.post-69880067650340282632009-10-23T18:44:00.013-04:002009-10-23T20:18:15.178-04:00Federal Dog Fighting Case In Detroit, MichiganWhy has this case not been more publicized?<br /><br />Officers seized 49 "pit bulls" in Lenawee and Huron Counties in June 2009. Warrants were simultaneously executed in both counties. Three men were arrested according to news reports. Federal charges, similar to those brought in the Michael Vick case, were brought against the three men. The cases against the men are still pending, however, at least 2 of the 3 have entered plea agreements and are scheduled for sentencing.<br /><br />While I hope these people get the punishment they deserve, my question is why have we not heard more about this case? More importantly where are these dogs and what fate awaits them?<br /><br />About 53 dogs were seized from Michael Vick's property which led to his conviction. <strong>49</strong> were seized here and this case has gone largely unnoticed.<br /><br />The Humane Society of the United States was involved in the investigation and the seizure of the animals here in Michigan. From what I understand, they were instrumental in determining where the dogs would be housed during the court case. I would hope that the officials at HSUS are looking to afford these animals the same opportunities which were afforded the Vick dogs. While HSUS does not have a real clean track record in dog-fighting cases like this (follow this link for more: <a href="http://www2.journalnow.com/content/2009/feb/17/judge-orders-that-pit-bulls-be-destroyed/">http://www2.journalnow.com/content/2009/feb/17/judge-orders-that-pit-bulls-be-destroyed/</a>#), I would like to think that they would do the right thing here and attempt to rehabilitate and rehome these animals if possible. HSUS had supposedly changed its policy in cases like this after it was roundly criticized in the animal welfare community after the Wilkes County massacre.<br /><br />Nothing has been publicized as to the ultimate decisions regarding the dogs in this case. I just hope to get the word out about it here so that all involved know that the public is watching.<br /><br />Hopefully, all of these dogs will have the same chance at a future as the Vick dogs. See a success story for one of the Vick dogs here: <a href="http://news.bestfriends.org/index.cfm?page=news&fps=1&mode=entry&entry=4DCCDD4F-FE7A-C660-1BA96D4269DF778E">http://news.bestfriends.org/index.cfm?page=news&fps=1&mode=entry&entry=4DCCDD4F-FE7A-C660-1BA96D4269DF778E</a>. <br /><br />Check back for updates on this case.Richard Angelo, Jr.http://www.blogger.com/profile/15760430015982960243noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1493235442496001499.post-19337921085812486352009-10-19T09:06:00.000-04:002009-10-19T09:44:01.718-04:00A Must Read- RedemptionFor those that have not read this book, it is highly recommended for anyone involved in rescue of companion animals. It changed the way I think about many of the ideas that are put forth by most of the animal welfare organizations in this country, namely that we need to continue to kill companion animals in shelters as a way of controlling the population.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.nathanwinograd.com/?page_id=74">http://www.nathanwinograd.com/?page_id=74</a><br /><br />The author of the book also writes a blog regarding current animal issues as well. Located here.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.nathanwinograd.com/">http://www.nathanwinograd.com/</a><br /><br />Take the time to give it a look. It will make you think.Richard Angelo, Jr.http://www.blogger.com/profile/15760430015982960243noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1493235442496001499.post-59486965913730809322009-10-16T15:56:00.001-04:002009-12-16T17:23:39.402-05:00IntroductionWelcome to my blog. I have been contemplating starting this for a while and decided, finally, that there was no time like the present.<br /><br /><br />I am an attorney licensed in Michigan, and a member of the Animal Law Section of the State Bar. For years, I have been interested in the legal issues that effect companion animals and have been fortunate enough to help some people and animals with their legal issues. This blog will focus on some of the pertinent legal and social issues effecting people in the State of Michigan and their companion animals. Hopefully, posts here will help readers become more familiar with the issues involving companion animals.<br /><br /><br />Below is a copy of an article published in the Animal Law Section Newsletter from Spring 2009. It is about a dog named Cola, who became my special project last year thanks to a number of caring people. I spoke about my experience with Cola at the Animal Law Section Symposium in March of 2009. Hope you enjoy. There will be much more to come.<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0b5NQFRh7UbfGsI_YjnwLxdR_EjxAvgOOMMvgVEJJ9R1KYome3Lfw_0ExxlpUFNtC34YN_E5NYZjznmc-GFjqrFVZ-rDM2FULr9Re2UOr50wPIKpMCTNNN6v4PlGwJ4QOhS3uFKkBplPi/s1600-h/Cola_Blog_Combined_Page_1.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5393302699972594306" style="WIDTH: 122px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 320px" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0b5NQFRh7UbfGsI_YjnwLxdR_EjxAvgOOMMvgVEJJ9R1KYome3Lfw_0ExxlpUFNtC34YN_E5NYZjznmc-GFjqrFVZ-rDM2FULr9Re2UOr50wPIKpMCTNNN6v4PlGwJ4QOhS3uFKkBplPi/s320/Cola_Blog_Combined_Page_1.jpg" border="0" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEie-S4Pm8LCM-ywQ0OvGHFwaWn40r7QSJUFQhNKSCWNlD_cEWHifAjjzpO9Bon4myRI9TDRJm8jvxpPwkglMNjd2XzfHwqrmq8RT-hBZS1rMobZ9X_JZgY9D-I_oh5-fbeVtCOPDOSAhDWk/s1600-h/20091216_ALS_Newsletter_Re_Cola_14.jpg"><img style="cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 247px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEie-S4Pm8LCM-ywQ0OvGHFwaWn40r7QSJUFQhNKSCWNlD_cEWHifAjjzpO9Bon4myRI9TDRJm8jvxpPwkglMNjd2XzfHwqrmq8RT-hBZS1rMobZ9X_JZgY9D-I_oh5-fbeVtCOPDOSAhDWk/s320/20091216_ALS_Newsletter_Re_Cola_14.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5415962980581101746" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPMBoMf9QfKS2F7nZ1wJZ3mC2_aE-HCV09o1roMKkFd-99Uh4X_wd03TQm_rNfrZHfglEDji1q5Xv8yNqMmkW3ZQOcGy5_g7uxnfLY9einVL29ZbG4fmHzGVVmuNuxFI_ncjWw2GKg8kw_/s1600-h/Cola_Blog_Combined_Page_2.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5393303655438405090" style="WIDTH: 247px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 320px" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPMBoMf9QfKS2F7nZ1wJZ3mC2_aE-HCV09o1roMKkFd-99Uh4X_wd03TQm_rNfrZHfglEDji1q5Xv8yNqMmkW3ZQOcGy5_g7uxnfLY9einVL29ZbG4fmHzGVVmuNuxFI_ncjWw2GKg8kw_/s320/Cola_Blog_Combined_Page_2.jpg" border="0" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqL1yFUjhyDZNm_DfVvT10F3JU_HO5CV5TQGNHsTAvGANLKP2U1sRalpC_-MbU5tRLOuQsHhbyfueAODjjth3u5itfg5_dX29rjCkypZq5dicBLRmj40arC_lsvhAYYOxp5eD-Yh6XFWp6/s1600-h/Cola_Blog_Combined_Page_3.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5393304127542261906" style="WIDTH: 247px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 320px" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqL1yFUjhyDZNm_DfVvT10F3JU_HO5CV5TQGNHsTAvGANLKP2U1sRalpC_-MbU5tRLOuQsHhbyfueAODjjth3u5itfg5_dX29rjCkypZq5dicBLRmj40arC_lsvhAYYOxp5eD-Yh6XFWp6/s320/Cola_Blog_Combined_Page_3.jpg" border="0" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0Cwp9jVPwJeOIiWTI7P39YEtSX-PK9jJFltSScrlsvGtLaG2MFuugucIU0Nn-bsBWYqij0K3HVHacu8SKV5VZt_Z6J57ICdXxTom5_NCWMwpILF2YTNVZPN3SSbkew0-8VKBwkGADXxZX/s1600-h/Cola_Blog_Combined_Page_4.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5393304925263996146" style="WIDTH: 247px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 320px" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0Cwp9jVPwJeOIiWTI7P39YEtSX-PK9jJFltSScrlsvGtLaG2MFuugucIU0Nn-bsBWYqij0K3HVHacu8SKV5VZt_Z6J57ICdXxTom5_NCWMwpILF2YTNVZPN3SSbkew0-8VKBwkGADXxZX/s320/Cola_Blog_Combined_Page_4.jpg" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><div><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><div><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><div><br /><br /><br /><br /></div><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><div></div><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><div><br /><br /><br /><br /></div><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><div></div></div></div>Richard Angelo, Jr.http://www.blogger.com/profile/15760430015982960243noreply@blogger.com0